Post liver transplantation management of children can be reviewed as in early and late post transplantation periods. During the first weeks of post transplantation period, complications of surgery such as bleeding, bile leakage and thrombotic events may necessitate immediate intervention. Immunosuppression started following liver transplantation usually prevents graft rejection. In intensive care unit, opportunistic infections partly due to immunosuppression, are important factors for morbidity and mortality. Immunosupressive treatment may cause some further adverse effects such as hypertension, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. In long-term intensive care, the most important concerns are severe infections, ventilator dependency, and insufficient nutritional support. Nutritional support for children in the ICU is of paramount importance.

Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, de novo malignancy, and late infections are among the important risks during long-term immunosuppression. Noncompliance in teens is a particular problem that might lead to graft loss and patient death. Because of the long life expectancy in children, optimal growth and development with a high quality of life should be the main goal in the long term.