Kidney transplantation (KT) is the preferred modality of treatment in children with end stage kidney disease. A functioning allograft leads to correction of most of the endocrine and metabolic derangements associated with chronic renal failure. Anemia which is very common in pre-transplanted children improves soon after kidney transplantation. In this cross-sectional study anemia is evaluated in kidney transplanted children. The latest hematologic data including hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) of all children with KT who were under follow-up of pediatric nephrologists in Shiraz for 6months to 15 years (mean=59.2±39 months) was gathered during their last visit. SPSS15.1 software was used for Statistical analysis. Of two hundred and sixteen children ≤19 years at the time of transplantation, 138 patients were followed by pediatric nephrologists in Shiraz and included in this study. One hundred and thirteen (81.8%) had functioning grafts and serum creatinine was ≤1.5mg/dl in 88 patients (63.7%).The mean age at transplantation time was 13.6 ± 3.5 years with age range of 3 to 19 years. The male to female ratio was 1.33. Their Primary renal diseases were reflux-obstruction dysplasia (42%), hereditary-metabolic diseases (34%), glomerular diseases (19%), stone (1.5%) and unknown (3.5%). The kidney donors were deceased (47.8%), related (36.9%) with 80.3% parents, and unrelated (15.2%). Mean Hb level of recipients was 11.7 ± 2.5gm/dl (range 7-18.6gm/dl). In those with serum creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dl mean Hb level was 12.6 ± 1.97gm/dl, while 15 patients (17%) including 11 boys and 4 girls had Hb <11gm/dl (range 7-10.9gm/dl), two of them were known cases of thalassemia minor. MCV ranged from 61 to 108 with mean of 84 (SD±8.5). MCV was less than 80 in 22 patients (16 had also Hb levels less than 11). Mean MCH was 27.6 ± 6.4 (range 19-35). In conclusion, after successful kidney transplantation, Hb level rose dramatically in the majority of the patients, however, some were found to have unexplained anemia.