Kidney transplantation is accepted as a better treatment for patients with ESRD than long-term dialysis. Mortality, morbidity and cost comparisons are significantly better than dialysis regimens. The major factor limiting transplantation rates is availability of donor kidneys. Deceased donor organ donation is inadequate; hence, the number of patients on the waiting lists is progressively growing in the world. However, in Iran the deceased donor rate has increased over the past 10 years, from less than 1% by the end of year 2000 to almost 16.3% (approximately 311 cases) of kidney transplantations in 2007. Deceased donor kidney transplantation in the Middle Eastern countries and Asia constitute 15 and 10 percent of total kidney transplantation, respectively. Some countries such as Turkey, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia have a higher percentage of deceased donor renal transplantation than Iran. When we consider the absolute annual number of deceased donor kidney transplants, it reveals that Iran is more likely to benefit from deceased donor renal donations than those countries; because deceased donor kidney transplantation in Iran comprises about 16.3% of the whole annual experience compared to 25%, 30% and 25% in Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, respectively. On the other hand, the practice in Iran is about 3 times larger than that of Turkey, which makes Iran having a higher deceased donors per million populations per year. Although the percentage of deceased-donor kidney transplantation in some countries of the region are higher than Iran, but its annual number in Iran is higher than the Middle Eastern countries.