The Human T Lymphocyte Virus 1 is the responsible pathogen for some diseases including HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM) and adult T cell leukemia (ATL). Mashhad in northeast Iran, with high instances of this infection, shows noticeable number of infected renal failure patients. Since Immunosuppressive drugs might decrease the latency period of HTLV1 or increase its complications; the question arises of whether HTLV1 positive renal failure patients are suitable candidates for kidney transplants. To answer this, HTLV1 positive recipients were followed up in our study. Two groups of patients were considered. First: patients at the Imam Reza Hospital dialysis center. Secondly, medical history of 20 kidney transplantation recipients consisting of 10 infected and 10 control recipients (from Imam Reza Hospital kidney transplantation ward). The follow up periods are between one to six years. 6.5 percent of patients under dialysis were infected. The most important fact resulting is that none of the infected recipients suffered from HAM or ATL. To compare the transplant complications, level of createnine and rate of rejection were assessed too. Overall, our study does not claim significant difference between these two groups. Current information shows that HTLV1 positive patients may undergo kidney transplant without fear of more side effects than uninfected recipients. Because of short-term follow ups, long latency period, and the limitation of the number of infected recipients, further work on this issue would be prudent.