The only curative therapy for end-stage liver disease is transplantation, but due to shortage of available donor livers, waiting list mortality is high. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome and characteristics of the patients listed for liver transplantation in Shiraz, southern Iran during the period April 2004- March 2007. A retrospective review of the medical records of all chronic liver disease patients aged 14 years or older who were listed for liver transplantation in Shiraz Organ Transplant Center at Nemazee Hospital between April 2004 and March 2007 was conducted. Hospital records were used to retrieve demographic, clinical and laboratory data. Records of the referring gastroenterologists provided information on etiology and complications of liver disease. The patients were followed up at the end of study period by visit or telephone. 646 patients were listed for liver transplant during April 2004-March 2007. Hepatitis B was the most common etiology of liver disease (31.2%). 144 patients (22.3%) underwent liver transplant, 166 (25.7%) died while waiting for transplant, and the mean waiting period for transplant was 6.6 months. Getting a transplant was correlated with etiology of liver disease and Rh blood group but had no significant association with gender or ABO blood type. Transplantation significantly improved survival. Among non-transplanted patients, survival was lower in those who had history of encephalopathy, SBP or uncontrolled ascitis and in patients of CTP class C and/or MELD score≥15.In conclusion, Hepatitis B virus is the most common cause of end-stage chronic liver disease in the waiting list for liver transplant in Shiraz, southern Iran. Patients with MELD score≥15 especially with a history of SBP, hepatic encephalopathy or uncontrolled ascites are recommended for waiting list enrollment. To shorten waiting time for transplant, we need to increase the number of living donor liver transplantations.