Most of the patients requiring renal replacement therapy prefer kidney transplantation because of the better quality of life after transplantation than dialysis. With the success of kidney transplantation, liver disease has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality of renal recipients. In this report, we studied retrospectively the impact of HBV infection on patients and graft survival in both short-and long-terms. Ninety nine renal transplant patients infected with hepatitis B virus on follow-up in two major transplant centers were included. These patients were grafted between 1986 and 2005 and divided into two groups: (1) hepatitis B surface antigen only positive (HBsAg), (2) hepatitis C virus antibodies (HCV Ab) positive as well. There were 88 patients with HBsAg and 11 with HBsAg and HCV Ab. The male: female ratio was 76:23, the mean age was 38.8 ± 13.2 years, and the median follow-up period post-transplantation was 19 months. The allograft survival rate in the first group (HBV+) was higher compared to the second group (HBV+ and HCV+) but was not significant; One, five and ten years graft survival rates were 91, 77 and 62 and 70, 56 and 28 in the first and second groups, respectively (P = 0.07). The overall mortality in the first and second groups was 4.5% (4 of 88) and 27% (3 of 11), respectively; i.e. mortality rate was higher in the second group (P = 0.02). One patient with HBV developed Squamous cell carcinoma of skin and another had Kaposi's sarcoma. In conclusion, patient and graft survival in hepatitis B infected recipients was promising. Therefore, HBsAg-positive patients should not categorically reject for renal transplantation. However, recipients with HBV and HCV infections had a poor patient survival rate compared to patients with only HBV infection. However, there was no significant difference in terms of renal graft survival.