Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection in renal transplant recipients. Early post-operative colonization of urinary tract may be a risk factor for subsequent infections. We intended to evaluate the role of early post-operative bacteriuria in the development of future symptomatic urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients. A prospective cohort of patients transplanted between January and December 2004 were studied. Urine cultures were taken twice in first ten days post-transplant from all patients (surveillance culture). For the next 6 months follow-up urine cultures were obtained periodically from all patients on OPD visits and whenever urinary tract infection was suspected on clinical grounds. Result 107 patients, 85 Male and 22 Females were followed.14 (13.3%) had positive surveillance culture. In the follow-up period, 36 (33.6%) patients developed symptomatic infection. Ten (71%) out of 14 in surveillance culture positive group, and 26 (28%) out of 94 in negative surveillance culture group (RR =2.5, 95% C.I 1.6 - 4.1, P=0.002). Females did not show a higher incidence of UTI compared to Males (36.7% vs. 33%). D.J stenting and its duration did not increase the risk of symptomatic infection. IN conclusion, early post transplant urine culture positivity is a risk factor for subsequent UTI, whether treating this will decrease the risk needs further evaluation.