Advances in the care of patients undergoing haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and increased survival rates, allows a better recognition of HCT associated renal injuries. Occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) after HCT is rare and only a few cases have been reported .The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of CKD in patients who received HCT for hematologic and non hematologic disorders. In order to evaluate the frequency of CKD and its risk factors, a prospective study was done Between 1997and 2006 on 1693 patients at the Bone Marrow Transplant Research Center of Shariati hospital. Chronic kidney Disease was defined as doubling of serum creatinine from baseline within 1 year of receiving the transplantation and after that. The risk of CKD in relation to non based total body irradiation conditioning regimen, type of graft (allograft vs. autograft) and, graft versus host disease(GVHD, drug toxicity and veno occlusive disease(VOD) was examined in 1963 HCT patients. Results: total number of 66 patients (4%) develop kidney involvement.By 6–12 months after HCT, approximately 33% of patients will develop CKD ( 23 patients,19 in allograft and 4 in autograft). In most cases of CKD patients ,the cause is idiopathic , and in 23 patients who developed CKD, 5 patients had Acute Kidney Injury during transplantation period and had GVHD .other renal involvements were: hypertension 17%,proteinuria 15%,hydronephrosis 2%,hematuria 18%,diabetes 3%. Conclusion: The frequency of CKD has not been well characterized and it seems to be high. It is important to know the specific type of kidney damage and to determine when to be aware of the time of occurrence of this renal complications and how best to treat the patient with renal injury secondary to nephrotic syndrome and idiopathic CKD.