The aim of this study is to determine factors predisposing to the vascular complications after renal transplant as well as the diagnostic criteria and the therapeutic attitude in front of such a complication. Through a retrospective study about 348 renal transplants cases between June, 1986 and May 2005, the vascular complications was noted in 23 cases (13.8 %) 9 from living and 14 from cadaveric donors : arterial thrombosis in 8 cases ,12 venous thrombosis and 3 arterial stenosis. Relative rate of complications was higher in cadaveric donor group. The vascular thrombosis was confirmed by the Doppler ultrasound in all cases; the treatment was based on heparin with good evolution in 9 cases and a detransplantation in 11 cases. The arterial stenosis was diagnosed by the Doppler ultrasound or by the arteriography. The treatment was a surgical resumption in a case and renal angioplasty in other case with 1 failure and 1 success. In conclusion, vascular complication represents the most severe technical complications following renal transplantation, associated with graft loss and mortality. Regarding the donor type, better results are obtained using living donors.