The objectives of this study were: 1-to determine the post transplant positive anti – HCV patients who were negative before transplantation. 2-Does graft and patient survival alter in whom became positive anti HCV? From 1989 –2005, 1000 kidney transplantation were performed in our center .162 anti HCV negative patients were included in this study . The mean age was 32 years ( 7- 69 ) ( 33.9% female and 66.1% male ), and followed for 4 years. Liver function tests and viral markers measurements carried out every three months. During follow up period any acute or chronic rejection and mortality were recorded. The results were analyzed by statistical package SPSS using Exact, chi square and ANOVA tests . Anti-HCV positivity occurred in 24 patients (14.8% ), all were confirmed with third generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA 3)and HCV RNA polymerase reaction. All of them had history of pre-transplant transfusion, and 83 % of them were under hemodialysis for more than 30 months. We found no acute or chronic rejection in anti-HCV positive patients. Three patients (12.5 % )had liver enzymes elevation.Two anti-HCVpositive patient expired due to acute hepatitis. No chronic hepatitis C were seen. Although, in our study the impact of post - transplant anti-HCV positivity on graft survival was not significant, but long term evaluation for better prejudice is mandatory, so, we highly recommend evaluation of anti-HCV negative patients after kidney transplantation.