Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a continuing global health problem. The prevalence of HCV is considerably higher in hemodialysis and renal transplant patients, as compared to the general population. Immunosuppressive therapy can result in an increased load of HCV viremia leading to diminish the long-term survival of patient and allograft. We retrospectively reviewed the records of our two center databases to determine the influence of chronic HCV infection on patient and allograft survival rates in living kidney allograft recipients. This case-control study involved 3083 kidney recipients (244 anti-HCV positive, 2839 hepatitis negative), transplanted between 1985 and 2008. Mean dosage and type of initial and maintenance immunosuppressive drugs in research subjects and in controls were not significantly different. Mean ages of research subjects and controls at the time of transplantation were 35.1(6-67; SD: 13) and 36.5 (1-83; SD: 15.6) years (P=0.16), respectively. The gender distribution was the same in both groups (P=0.08). No significant differences were noted in the age and sex of the donors, donor source, recipient's body mass index (BMI), causes of ESRD, warm and cold ischemic times. The occurrence of renal allograft loss in HCV positive recipients was higher than HCV negative recipients (54.9% versus 30.9%; P=0.000). Furthermore, 15.2 %( n=37) of cases and 10.7 % (n=305) of controls died in follow up period (P=0.000). In conclusion, patient and graft survival in chronic hepatitis C infected recipients were encouraging. Therefore, HCV Ab positive patients should not emphatically refuse for renal transplantation.