Kidney transplantation is a therapeutic protocol in different types of renal dysfunction. Viral agents like Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) which has the potential of latent and/or active infection in transplant recipients are the most important risk factors that threatened the surveillance of these patients. In this research, the prevalence and role of HCMV infection in clinical outcome of transplanted kidney are determined. Also the genotypes of HCMV-UL73 gene and the HCMV related laboratory findings are analyzed in kidney transplant patients. In this cohort and retrospective study, EDTA treated blood (plasma and leukocyte) and urine samples were collected from 40 kidney donors and recipients' pre, and post-kidney transplantation. The HCMV active and/or latent infection were analyzed by Semi-nested PCR method and antigenemia test for these samples. The UL73 gene genotypes and HCMV risk factors were studied in these recipients. HCMV positive PCR results were detected in leukocyte (45%) and plasma (52.3%) samples of kidney recipients' pre, and post-transplantation, respectively. HCMV active infection was not detected in kidney donors by antigenemia method. Significant correlation was defined between positive results of leukocyte-PCR and antigenemia test (p=0.02) pre-kidney transplantation in recipients. Also a positive correlation was determined between HCMV leukocyte and plasma-PCR positive results with the presentation of HCMV active infection. The gN-3a genotype was the dominant genotype of HCMV -UL 73 gene in renal transplant patients. In conclusion, considering the statistical correlation of HCMV disease with renal dysfunction in these transplant recipients and for positive correlation of laboratory findings with HCMV active infection or disease, management and monitoring of diagnosis and treatment of HCMV infection is needed in kidney transplant patients.