Chemokines play a major role in the process by which leukocytes are recruited from the bloodstream into sites of inflammation. Genes for the chemokine receptors CCR5, CCR2 and MCP-1 are characterized by functional polymorphisms implicated in transplant rejection. To investigate this 32, CCR5-59029-A/G, association, we have analyzed polymorphisms of CCR5- CCR2-V64I and MCP-1 G/A (-2518) in 173 renal transplant recipients and 169 healthy blood donors. The patients were classified in two groups: G1 included 33 HLA-identical recipients and G2 included 140 one or more mismatches graft recipients. Forty-one patients had developed acute rejection episode (AR): 7 in G1 and 34 in G2. Thirteen group 2 patients developed chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD). The genotypic and allelic frequencies of all polymorphisms studied, did not reveal significant differences between patients and controls, and among G1 and G2 recipients. However, a significant risk of acute renal transplant rejection was found in G1 patients who possessed the CCR2-64I allele (odds ratio 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05 to 1.06; p = 0.035). While, there was no significant association of this polymorphism and CAD. In conclusion, the observed association of CCR2-64I with AR should be added to the spectrum of immunogenetic factors known to be involved in allograft renal loss.