Variations of the renal artery including the presence of the supernumerary renal artery are considered critical issues for renal transplant, and surgeons should have a thorough knowledge about them. Angiography has been a gold standard test for pre-transplant evaluation of the renal vasculature; however, this modality is both expensive and invasive. The aim of this study was to assess whether the main renal artery Doppler ultrasonographic (DU) indices can predict the presence of supernumerary renal arteries. Retrospectively, we collected the angiography and DU findings of 30 healthy potential renal transplant donor from October 2004 to July 2008. All patients underwent the renal Doppler ultrasonography (DU) and multi-detector CT angiography (CTA) before donor nephrectomy. DUS indices including peak systolic volume (PSV), resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), end-diastolic volume (EDV) and acceleration time (AT) were recorded The data were analyzed by SPSS for Windows version 12.0. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine the predictive values of DU indices for the supernumerary renal arteries. All data are presented as mean values +/- SD. Results: The mean age of donors was 28.4 +/- 4.1 years. The mean PSV, RI, PI, EDV and AT were 31.63 +/- 10.15, 0.59 +/- 0.05, 1.05 +/- 0.19, 12.79 +/- 4.82 and 50.21 +/- 14.39, respectively. Of 60 kidneys evaluated, a supernumerary renal artery was found in 10 % of cases. The ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of non-informative (below 0.5) for all DU parameters indicating that none of the studied parameters could predict the presence of supernumerary renal artery. In conclusion, although a smaller diameter of the main renal artery has previously been found to predict the presence of supernumerary renal artery, the present study revealed that the main renal artery DU indices may not indicate the presence of supernumerary renal artery.