Accentuation of bone loss is one of the most important skeletal complications after transplantation. Early diagnosis and treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis reduce risk of fractures. Of 50 patients that received graft during the research period, 31 of them completed it. They were screened for decreased bone mineral density at baseline, 6 and 12 months after transplantation with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) of lumbar spine and hip. A total 31patients [17(55.8%) female and 14(45.2%) male] with end stage renal disease entered the study. The mean age of patients in both genders were 39.67 ± 14.5 years (range: 20-67years). Replacement therapy in 24 patients (77.4%) was hemodialysis and in 7 patients (22.6%) was peritoneal dialysis. Before transplantation, the mean of T-score in femoral neck and lumbar vertebra were --0.88±1.19 and-0.37±1.12 respectively, and osteopenia was found in 41.9% and 29% in each place. On 6 months after transplantation, the mean of T-score in femoral neck and lumbar vertebra -1.42±0.95 and -1.41±1.36 respectively. Incidence of osteopenia in each place was 83.9% and64.5%. We tried to exam them in the first year after transplantation, the mean of T-score in femoral neck was-1.13±1.11 and in lumbar vertebra were -1.29±1.33. After 6 months, bone mass reduction was significant (P<0.05), But there is not significant difference between 6 and 12 months after transplantation (P>0.05). In conclusion, bone loss was highest in first 6 months after transplantation. Thus, treatment is necessary in this period of time.