Infections represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality among renal transplant recipients.We aimed to analyse the epidemiology of infectious complications and their impact on the outcome of renal transplant recipients. We analysed retrospectively 296 adult RT recipients, performed at Charles Nicolle Hospital between 1986 and 2006.Recipients were 194 males and 102 females, whose mean age (±SD) was 31.96 ± 9.4 years (range 16-61 years).The median of the follow-up was 72.6 months Prophylactic antibiotherapy was used at the time of transplantation and for up to 24 hours postoperatively. One single tablet of TMP-SMX was used during 4 months after transplantation. The patients were divided in 2 groups: G1 with infection and G2 without infection.244 (82.43%) patients presented at least one episode of infection during the follow-up, urinary tract infection is the most common infection (69.9%). 52 (17.56%) have never presented an infection. G1 and G2 mean age (years) were 31.72 ± 9.42 and 33.11 ± 9.32 (p 0.33). Female gender 81% ± 18.6% (p 0.035). Acute rejection 38.1% ± 26.9% (p 0.003). The causes of death were infectious in 32 cases (58.18%): bacterial in 25 cases, tuberculosis in 2, viral in 4 cases (chickenpox in 2 and CMV in 2) and parasitic in 3 cases (aspergillosis, toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis, one for each case). The actuarial patients survival rates at 1, 5 and 10 years in the G1 was respectively: 95.8%, 87% and 75.5%, whereas in the G2, was respectively 98%, 94.9% and 94.9%. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P = 0.01). The prevalence of infections in our study remains high. Urinary tract infection is the most common infection. In our study, acute rejection and female gender represent the main risk factors for bacterial infection. Infectious complications in renal transplant recipients are still an important issue.