Clinical outcome of renal transplantation among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients remains a topic of controversy. This study aimed to evaluate outcome of renal transplantation in patients with SLE. In a case control study, we reviewed the old charts of 33 patients who underwent renal transplantation due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) caused by systemic lupus erythematosus in Shiraz organ transplant center between 1990 and 2008. The control group consisted of 33 non–lupus patients who were matched with cases for age, sex, race, type of allograft, number of previous transplants, and immunosuppression regimen. There were 29 female and 4 male. Twelve (36%) patients received kidney from deceased donors, 15 (45%) from living -unrelated, and 6 (19%) from living related donors. All the patients were first time kidney transplantation. Source of kidney in SLE patients did not have any significant correlation with mortality rate, graft failure, complications, and days of hospitalization (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between outcome of SLE patients and duration of dialysis before transplantation (P>0.05). The mean duration of hospital stay was 23.38 ± 18.09 days in case group while it was 13 ± 7.33 days in controls (P= 0.006). One year graft survivals was 79% in SLE and 90.9 % in non -lupus patients (P=0.17). One year patient survivals was 93.9% for SLE versus 81.8% for non-lupus patients (P=0.258).9 patients in cases versus 11 in controls developed post transplant complications (P=0.59). Mean serum Creatinine level 2 weeks after transplantation was 2.28 mg/dL and 1.60 mg/dL in SLE and non-SLE patients respectively (P=0.114). In conclusion, although duration of hospital stay after transplantation was higher in SLE recipients, safety of renal transplantation is equivalent to the control group. Graft failure in SLE patients was not different among patients with different sources of kidneys.