Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the patients with good renal transplant function. The .Although a known cardiovascular risk factor, anemia in the renal transplant recipients has only recently been receiving an increasing attention. In a cross-sectional study (from September 1994 till September 2006), data was obtained from 600 patients followed at a single transplant center. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <130 g/L in males and <120 g/L in females. About one-third (30.83 %) of the patients were anemic. Serum Hb concentration was significantly correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (abbreviated modification of diet in renal disease formula) (p < 0.001), female sex (p < 0.001), weight (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001),serum creatinine (p < 0.001). None of the immunosuppressive medications or the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors was associated with a higher likelihood of anemia. Post-transplant anemia is a prevalent and under-treated condition. GFR is the most important predictor in post transplant anemia. Further studies are needed to determine whether the presence of anemia and its treatment will have an impact on long-term outcomes of this population.