Despite the close relationship of sCD30 with Th2-type immune responses, some studies suggested that CD30+T cell activation represents a novel graft rejection pathway in which both Th1 and Th2 cytokines are involved. In this study we investigated the relevance of donor bone marrow cells (DBMC) infusion and serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and sCD30 in kidney allograft recipients. Pre and post-transplant sera of 40 live donor renal transplant including 20 patients with DBMC infusion ((2.1× 109 ±1.3×109 MNCs/body) and 20 controls (kidney allograft alone) were analyzed for sCD30, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels using ELISA kits and evaluated the levels in relation to the outcome of allograft. Patients who developed acute rejection (AR) (3/20 in DBMI and 6/20 in controls) showed an increase in sCD30, IFN-γ and decrease in IL-10 post-transplantation compared to non-rejecting. The only significant differences were found for sCD30 and IFN-γ levels in controls (59.54vs.30.92ng/ml, P=0.02 and 11.91vs. 3.01pg/ml, P=0.01 respectively). Measuring of sCD30 on days 14 and 30 revealed a great decline compared to day 5 in all patients of study and level of decrease was more perceptible in DBMI. Comparison of pre and post-transplant levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and sCD30 in patients with AR showed a higher level but not significant in post-transplant sera except for IFN-γ in controls (6.37 vs.11.93, P = 0.01). In DBMI, increased serum sCD30 was shown to correlate with increased IL-10 levels for rejecting and non-rejecting patients (r = 1.00, P = 0.01 and r = 0.49, P = 0.04 respectively). Our results indicate that increased serum sCD30, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels post-transplantation are associated with allograft rejection in all patients. Also, post-transplant sCD30 was correlated with IL-10 but not IFN-γ in DBMI patients. Lower levels of post-transplant sCD30 and IFN-γ compared to controls might be due to the immunoregulatory effect of infused cells on alloimmune response in recipients.