The effect of accurate donor selection on the post-renal transplantation costs has not perfectly been studied. In the present study, we compared three types of kidney donors: Living Unrelated Donor (LURD), Living Related Donor (LRD) and Cadaver (CAD).A longitudinal study was performed on 212 stable kidney recipients in Bagiyatallah hospital, Tehran, Iran, 2005-2006. Patients were divided into three groups: LURD (n=168), LRD (n=24) and CAD (n=20). Patients were matched for age, sex, cause of ESRD and duration between transplantation and including in the study (p>0.05). Stable patients who had a good functioning graft and at least 6 months had passed after their transplantation, were included in the study. Recipients were followed for post-transplantation health care utilization (hospital admission, emergency department visit, outpatient physician visit and home based nursing) for 12 months. A statistically significant higher rate of hospital admissions in LURD (60%) than LRD (40%) or CAD (43%) recipients was seen (p<0.05). LURD recipients had a higher tendency to be visited in the emergency departments (41.9%) in comparison with LRD (30.0%) or CAD (16.7%), (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in outpatient physician visits and home based nursing among recipients of different source of kidney. According to our results, Iranian model of transplantation may be imposed to the higher costs, by the selection of LURD as the most common source of donor. We encourage the other countries in the MESOT region to consider the possible effects of their common sources of kidney on the health care costs.