The aim of this study is to compare one year’s outcome of diabetics subjected to renal transplantation (RTx) with matched non-diabetics as controls. All diabetics, with a first live related RTx from October 1994 to September 2007 were included. A control group comprised of non-diabetics, matching with respect to time of transplant, sex, age, pre Tx dialysis period and post Tx immunosuppressive regime. The variables studied were one-year patient and graft survival, acute and chronic rejection episodes, systemic infections and wound status. The study included 60 diabetics (Group 1) and 60 non-diabetics (Group 2), having undergone Tx surgery within a span of 3 months of each other. There were 51 males and 9 females in each group, with a mean age of
40.9 ± 7.5 and 39.7 ± 6.7 years respectively. In Group 2 Hypertension was the cause of renal failure in 25 cases, stone disease in 8, Glomerulonephritis in 3 and 24 with unknown etiology. The pre-Tx dialysis period was 14.5 ± 10.5 and 10.7 ± 4.6 months, in-group 1 and 2 respectively. Hypertension was present in 54 diabetics and 49 non-diabetics. The acute and chronic rejection episodes of the two groups had no significant difference. Post Tx infections were similar in the two groups with urinary tract infections having the highest frequency (25 in Group-1 and 22 in Group-2). Wound infection and dehiscence was significant in the diabetic patients (18 and 4 respectively) with 6 wound infections in Group 2. Three patients from Group 1 suffered an acute myocardial infarction. There was no cardiovascular morbidity in Group 2. One-year graft survival was 84% and 94% in Group 1 and 2 respectively. One-year patient survival was 89.6% and 94% in the two groups respectively. In conclusion, one-year graft and patient survival was similar in the diabetic and non-diabetic control subjects. Wound infection and dehiscence were more in diabetic subjects.