Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common cause of sleep disturbance and is frequently experienced by hemodialysis patients. It is a neurologic movement disorder, patients with RLS suffer an irresistible urge to move the legs during inactivity and relieves by motions and different activities. We investigated the clinical course of RLS in 30 (12 female and 18 males) hemodialysis patients with mean dialysis diuration of 16.8±14.13 months who underwent kidney transplantation. Patients were given a standardized questionnaire evaluating details of RLS at baseline, and twice after their kidney transplants and diagnosed to have RLS by International RLS study Group criterias. Biochemical (Serum calcium, phosphate, Na & K and blood urea & creatinin) and hematological indices (serum Iron, hemoglobin) were measured, in each time. RLS in hemodialysis patients (93.3%) significantly reduced with renal transplantation (43.3%), (P<0.0001). There was a significant association between RLS and lower serum iron (p<0.01) and mean level of phosphorus (p<0.02) with RLS after renal transplantation (RTX). We did not find any association between levels of hemoglobin, age, sex & dialysis duration & time after RTX with RLS. kidney transplantation has a strong and positive influence on RLS symptoms in hemodialysis patients. Correction of serum phosphate and serum Iron (by mechanisms different than its effect on hemoglobin) can affect RLS in kidney transplanted patients.