Post-transplant lymphoproliferative desease (PTLD) is a serious and potentially fatal complication after solid organ transplantation, it complicates 1 to 2 % of kidney transplant recipients. We report a monocentric retrospective study of PTLD after renal transplantation, to define their incidence, clinical presentation, pathologic features and outcome. Since 1986, 309 kidney transplantations was performed in 308 patients, seven of them developed PTLD: 3 men and 4 women, their mean age was 44.5±13. years (27 to 61 years). Immunosuppressive regime consisted of a triple therapy azathioprine, corticosteroids and ciclosporine. The average interval between the transplantation and the diagnosis of PTLD was 37.1±28 monthes (6 to 93 months). The discoveries circumstances were varied according to PTLD localisations. All patients had a voluminous tumor mass with extranodal sites: graft (1), stomach (1), skin (1), central nervous system (1), graft and vertebra (1), cavum and lung (1) and lung, nodal and hepatosplenic (1). Histological analysis revealed six cases large cell B lymphoma in most cases. EBV was positive in one patient. Treatment consisted of decreasing immunosuppressive therapy in all cases combined with surgical removal of the lymphoma in one case, chimiotherapy in five cases and radiotherapy in one case. The outcome was favorable in four patients with the complete remission and good graft function. Three patients died, the main cause of the death of two patients was sepsis, and the cause of third death is still unknown. Lymphoproliferative disease is an increasingly common problem after renal transplantation and the outcome is poor. Mesures to reduce its incidence might include reduction of long-term immunosuppression exposure in this population. This is particularly important in patients with high risk to developpe PTLD, such as negative EBV recipients who receive kidney from positive EBV donors. Although therapy with newer agents (anti B Lymphocyte monoclonal antibodies) may on the future positively impact on survival after development of PTLD.