During last decade the patient and graft survival after transplantation has been improved and attention has been placed on nonimmunologic outcomes that contribute to patient morbidity and mortality. Data have shown post transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) increases the rate of cardiovascular disease and infection, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We planned a study to evaluate the prevalence rate, risk factors of PTDM, patient and graft survival in this group in comparison to non diabetic Tx recipients. The study group was consisted of 175 renal transplant (Tx) recipients that were transplanted from January 2001 to march 2005 with negative history of DM before Tx. There were 100 (57.1%) males and 75 (42.9%) females. The mean age was 40.3 ±13.8 years. All of recipients received triple immunosuppressive therapy including Cyclosporine, Mycophenolate mefotil and Prednisolone. HCV antibody was negative and CMV IgG was positive in all patients. On the basis of American Diabetes Association criteria, PTDM diagnosed in patients with Fasting Plasma Sugar (FBS) >126 mg/dl and impaired fasting sugar (IFG) in patients with FBS between (100 -125) mg/dL. All data extracted from hospital and follow up charts. Since some patients received intravenous serum therapy in first month after Tx, We reported the 3, 6, 12, 24 months blood sugar after Tx. Spss program (version 14.1) used for data analysis. The prevalence rate of PTDM were 9.7%(15), 7.8%(12), 5.9%(8), 6.4 %(7) and IGT were 11 %(17), 10.4%(16), 13.2%(18), 17.4% (19) in three, 6, 12, 24 months after Tx respectively. The risk factors for PTDM were age (P < 0.05), and recipient weight (P<0.05) that showed a higher risk of PTDM with increasing age and weight of recipients. Five years graft survival rate in PTDM group was 96.9 % vs. 96.2% in non PTDM (P=NS) and five year patient survival in PTDM group was 96.9 % vs 97 %in non PTDM group (P=NS). Near 10-20% of our Tx patients had high blood sugar after Tx that shows a high rate of IFG and PTDM in our patients. Increasing the age and weight of recipients were the risk factors for PTDM in our recipients. We couldn’t find a significant difference in 5 years graft and patient survival in our PTDM patients in comparison to non diabetic Txs. We need to continue our follow up in this population.