It has been reported that immediate postoperative extubation may reduce the incidence of postoperative respiratory complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of immediate postoperative extubation in the operating room (OR) in our patients. Data from all patients undergoing OLT at Baskent University Hospital between January 2004 and June 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they were extubated in the OR (Group 1) or in the intensive care unit (ICU) (Group 2). Fifty-two patients in Group 1 and 48 patients in Group 2 were included. Compared with Group 2, patients in Group 1 had a lower mean preoperative serum creatinine level (0.9±1 vs 0.6±0.3 mg/dL, P=.04) and intraoperative transfusion requirements (packed red blood cell 35.5±29.8 vs 25.6±19.0 mL/kg, P=.05 and fresh frozen plasma 33.1±15.6 vs 25.7±14.3mL/kg, P=.01). The incidence of intraoperative hypotension and emergent OLT was significantly higher in Group 2 than it was in Group 1 (33.3% vs 13.5%, P=.01 and 45.8% vs 21.2%, P=.009, respectively). On multivariate analysis, only emergent OLT (P=.009, OR=3.5) and intraoperative hypotension (P=.018, OR=3.7) were significantly associated with a lower probability of immediate postoperative extubation in the OR. Our results suggest that hemodynamic stability and elective OLT are predictors of successful immediate tracheal extubation in the OR.