Hyperuricemia is common in renal transplant recipients, and uric acid (UA) may play a role in renal dysfunction. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of UA on chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). We included 133 RTRs (34 women and 99 men; mean age, 34.7 ± 9.9 years) who underwent renal transplantation between 1998 and 2000. Serum UA levels were measured at the first month after transplantation and yearly during the next 3 years. In the first month after transplantation, 55.3% of the RTRs had hyperuricemia (UA>7 mg/dL in men, UA>6 mg/dL in women) compared with 84.6% after 3 years (P<.001). CAN was diagnosed in 33% of patients (mean duration for development of CAN was 31.8 ± 14.3 months), and 52% of these patients had graft failure in 43.3 ± 20.8 months. In patients with CAN, UA levels were recorded before the development of CAN. There was no association between UA levels and CAN according to Cox regression analysis (P>.05; OR, 1.082; CI, 0.9 to 1.3). Although we observed that hyperuricemia prevalence is increased in RTRs, the UA level demonstrated no effect on CAN development during the first 3 years after transplantation.