Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or disease is one of the most important infectious complication in solid organ transplant recipients. Approximately 8% of kidney transplant recipients develop CMV disease. The risk of development of CMV disease is strongly related to the recipient and donor serostatus. CMV infection may result in indirect squeal which include increase rate of opportunistic infections, worsening of allograft function and vasculopathy. CMV is detected by using PP65 assay or PCR. In order to prevent CMV disease both preemptive as well as universal prophylaxis strategies are employed. However the superiority of one strategy over other is not determined. Longer duration of prophylaxis may predispose to infection with resistant CMV in solid organ transplant recipients. The drug of choice for the treatment of CMV disease is ganciclovir. The role of immunoglobulin in the treatment of CMV disease is undetermined. The oral of preparation of ganciclovir (Valganciclovir) is now commonly used for prophylaxis but data on the treatment of CMV disease are lacking. Resistant CMV infection is treated with foscarnet and cidofovir but is associated with high morbidity and mortality.