Organ transplant recipients are considered to be at greater risk for developing malignancy because of the prolonged immunosuppression associated with organ grafting. In a prospective manner we reviwed the medical records of 210 patients who underwent liver transplantation between 1994 and 2005 in Shiraz organ transplant center. Among all patients,only 6 patients developed malignancy after liver transplantation. 2 of the patients developed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), 1 patient cholangiocarcinoma, 1 patient plasmacytoma,1 patient papillary carcinoma of thyroid and 1 patient developed colorectal cancer. Development of the malignancies must take into consideration in the follow up of the patients after liver transplantation. In iranian recipients PTLD is the most common type of malignancy after liver transplantation.