HCV and HBV infections occur frequently in ESRD patients. Concern has been raised as to whether these patients are at increased risks for mortality or allograft dysfunction after renal transplantation compared with HCV and HBV non infected patients. To help answer this question, we analyzed data in our center. A total of 1200 patients who received renal allograft from 1990 to 2005 were analyzed. All patients received allograft from living donors, and were treated with cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetile (or azathiopurine) and prednisolon. Outcome and survival were compared among four groups retrospectively.14 patients were positive for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibody (anti-HCV) (group 1), 23 were HBsAgpositive and anti-HCV-negative (group 2), 29 were HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive (group 3) and 1134 were negative for both markers (group 4). The mean follow-up period was 11.6 +/- 3.6 years (range, 1-15 years) for all patients. In respect to mean of creatinine there was significant difference between G1 and G4 (p>0.001), and between G2 and G4 (p=0.028), and no significant difference between G3 and G4. In respect to graft survival there was significant difference between G2 and G4 (p=0.034), and between G3 and G4 (p=0.014). There was no significant difference for pts survival among groups. HBV or (and) HCV infections is not a contraindication to kidney transplantation in Iranian patients and has no effect on patient’s survival. However it should be noted that allograft outcome may be worse in HBV or HCV infected patients.