Dialysis with CVC (shaldown) is a temporary method for dialysis of chronic renal failure patients. It is used for 1.5 months in average and is suitable in patients without arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or in which their AVF needs almost 2 months for suitability. Infection is one of the common and dangerous complications in this method; this study was done to assume the role of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing this complication.This semi-experimental study was conducted in ESRD patients refered to 5-Azar hospital for shaldown. They were divided to two groups (cases and controls) randomly. Intravenous Keflin (1 gram) was administered to cases before the operation. Data against the time of cathetering, underlying disease and age was recorded. Patients were controlled about the infection (fever and discharge) in the next sessions. Relative risk (RR) was calculated and compared between the two groups. Data were entered into SPSS-12 software after coding and analyzed with ANOVA.In this study 54 patients in interventional group and 41 in control group were evaluated. Aggregative incidence in 45 days, in cases and controls were 15.2% and 27.1%, respectively. Relative risk of infection was 1.78 fold in controls against the cases, but it was not significant. [RR=1.78; CI=1.141, 2.421; P-value<0.05]. Although, relative risk of the infection was not significantly different in this study, but due to the importance of this complication we suggest studying of different antibiotics in this patients.