Cytomegalovirus infection is the single most important infectious agent in kidney allograft recipients. The aim of our study was to look at the long term renal allograft function in patients who were diagnosed to have CMV infection. All patients transplanted between Sep 99 and June 2003 in whom CMV antigenemia was positive by pp 65 early antigenemia assay on suspicion of CMV disease were retrospectively reviewed. Significant graft dysfunction at the time of CMV infection was defined as creatinine of more then 2mg/dl. One hundred nine out of 459 (23%) transplants performed during this period were reported positive for CMV early antigenemia. Mean age was 30.8±10.0 years with a male to female ratio of 90/19.Mean serum creatinine at the time of diagnosis of CMV was 1.86±0.81 mg/dl. CMV infection developed after a mean post transplant period of 3.3±3.8 months. Eighty six patients with CMV disease were given ganciclovir therapy. Patients with significant graft dysfunction (Group A) at time of diagnosis of CMV infection were compared with those in whom serum creatinine stayed below 2 mg/dl (Group B). Mean nadir creatinine before CMV infection was significantly (p=0.0001) higher in group A versus group B (1.48±0.47 versus 1.06±0.29mg/dl). Two years post CMV infection, creatinine in group A was higher as compared to group B (2.42±1.62mg/dl versus 1.86±1.09) but was not statistically significant (p=0.19). Nineteen patients lost their graft after a mean interval of 1.6±0.8 years after diagnosis of CMV infection. Graft functional status before CMV infection is an important determinant of graft function in the follow up period.