Bodily pain is prevalent in hemodyalisis (HD) patients. Whether or not the kidney transplantation (Tx) could change it, is not clear. Moreover, the effect of the chronic bodily pain on patients’ quality of life (QOL) after Tx is not fully addressed, yet. We designed this study to find an answer to these questions. In a cross-sectional study in Iran, 2003 to 2006, we studied 205 Tx and 69 HD patients, who were matched for age and sex. All patients were evaluated for the presence and severity of chronic pain in the past 6 months, and those with moderate to severe pain considered as having significant chronic bodily pain. QOL was measured by SF-36. The correlation between SF-36 subscores and chronic bodily pain was assessed by using the Pearson test. The relative frequency of chronic bodily pain in Tx patients was significantly lower than HD patients (30.2% vs. 57.7%, p<0.05). The severity of bodily pain was negatively correlated with scores of SF-36 total (r=-0.329, p=001), mental Health (r=-0.190, p=007), physical health (r=-0.275, p=0.001), physical function (r=-0.339, p=0.001), role limitation due to physical problems (r=-0.478, p=0.001), and role limitation due to emotional problems (r=-0.326, p=0.001). There was no significant correlation between everity of bodily pain and social function score (p>0.05). However pain is less prevalent in kidney transplanted recipients in comparison to those on chronic hemodialysis, it’s prevalence is still considerable. This finding becomes more important by putting more emphasize on the effect of pain on the quality of life. Diagnosing the causes of the chronic pain and proper treatment may improve the quality of life after kidney transplantation.