Nowadays as many of the problems confronting kidney transplantation have been solved, the number of operations has increased dramatically. So, resource utilization and financial issues have been cited as a new problem for transplantation centers. In this study, our intention was to find and assess the factors which can reduce the hospitalization period while this factor claims the biggest share of the total cost of the treatment process. In this research we studied retrospectively the medical history of 120 kidney transplantation recipients and donors whose operations were performed between 2000 and 2002. Collected information of recipient's characteristics include gender, age, reason for kidney failure, weight, height, blood group, dialysis period, transplantation history, immunosuppressive regimes, complications after operation and hospitalization after the first discharge due to transplantation operation complications, and for the donors, age, sex and blood group of the donor and the type of donor (cadaver or living) and the relationship between the recipients and the donors. The following pre-transplant variables were found to be independently significant in predicting increased hospitalization period and consequently charges: length of dialysis before transplantation and the relationship between donors and recipients. Therefore, by reducing the waiting time and performing more operations on relative donors and recipients, we can significantly decrease hospitalization period and as a result the cost of treatment. Escalating number of the transplantation operations makes it necessary to analyse financial and clinical databases to find more factors correlating with the length of the hospitalization and charges.