Anemia, a potentially correctable cardiovascular risk factor, continues to be a major problem in kidney-transplant patients. Erythropoietin levels increase rapidly after successful kidney transplantation, and by 3 months, most patients achieve hemoglobin levels greater than 12 g/dL. The transplant patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently develops anemia. Posttransplantation anemia (PTA) has received comparatively less attention in the literature, and the prevalence and predictors of PTA vary between different studies. Transplanted from feb. 2004 to mar. 2005, excluding those who had history of minor thalassemia. 111 cases were male and 76 female. Posttransplant anemia (PTA) was defined as having Hb level below 12 mg/dl for men and below 11 mg/dl for women. 47% of men had anemia in the first month, 29% in third month and 11% in the 6th month while 52% of women were anemic in the first month, 21% in the third month and only 2% in the 6th month. Rise in Hb level was associated with decrease in creatinine level and better renal function in the first month (p=.018) till 6th month (p=.00). Anemia recovered before the first month in women and before the second month of transplantation in men. Age and sex of the donor was not related to recipient anemia production or recovery. We concluded that anemia, one of the complications of CKD recovers as one of the first parameters posttransplantation. Although it is more common in women at the beginning, recovers earlier than men.