Renal transplant recipients with elevated body mass index (BMI, Kg/m2) have been shown to have inferior survival as compared to patients with lower BMI. However, previous studies could not establish a link between increased BMI and graft survival. Obesity in nontransplant patients has been associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and proteinuria. Given this evidence it’s possible that renal transplant recipients with an elevated BMI may have worse long term graft survival. This prospective study included 92 patients transplanted in Nemazee Hospital of Shiraz University between April 1999 and July 2000. Weight (Wt) and height of the patients were recorded prior to transplantation and two weeks, one, two and three years post transplantation. The patients’ time on dialysis before transplantation and drug history was recorded. BUN, Creatinine (Cr) and blood pressure were checked at 1 month intervals and TG, Cholesterol, HDL and LDL at 6-month intervals till 3 years after the transplantation. Graft dysfunction was defined as serum Cr >1.8 mg/dl. Results were analyzed using spss-10 software. While BMI and Wt of the patients before transplantation didn’t show any significant correlation with CRAD (P>0.05), patients with higher Wt and BMI two weeks after transplantation showed an increased risk of developing CRAD in the three year post transplant period, independent of other risk factors checked. (P<0.05) Patients with greater Wt loss in the first two weeks after transplantation showed a decreased risk of developing CRAD in the 3 year post transplant period. (P<0.001) It’s important to note that high Wt and BMI two weeks after transplantation, when transplanted kidney has started it’s function is significantly associated with worse graft survival 3 years after the transplantation.