End stage renal failure has many causes and the best treatment for this condition is kidney transplantation. DGF is one of the numerous complications of kidney transplantation. Many etiopathogenic exises have been presumed that the effect of ischemia and reperfusion is one of them. In this study we try to assess the ability to predict DGF with measurement of hypoxanthine and xanthine concentration in transplanted kidney blood vein. From march 2004 to September 2005; we carried out renal vein blood sampling during transplantation in 47 patient. After measurement of purine metabolites with HPLC in blood samples, the metabolite rise or not with respect to baseline level was evaluated. All patients were followed for the next 5 days. Each patient was then assigned in one of the metabolite increased or not increased group and then the relationship between purine metabolite rise with DGF and other related factors (recipient and donor age, operation time, anastomosis time, vascular reclamping) was assessed with fisher’s exact test. 30 male (%63) and 17 female (%37) patients with mean age 34/8 year were studied. In 17 patients the purine metabolite raised and in other 30 patients no change were noticed. These changes were significant only about hypoxanthine (Mean increase 1/28mg/l ± 1/57mg/l in the rised group in comparison with –0/32mg/l ± 4 in no change group, P<0.001). In the rised group, 5 persons (%29/4) and in not rised group 3 persons (%10) developed DGF but in analytical assessment no relationship was found between two variable (P= 0/118) Among the other effective factors in development of DGF, only the anastomosis time had significant relationship with increase in methabolite level. (Mean time 40 min ± 7/37 in the other group, P=0/035).Although cold idchemia for short period during kidney transplantation can increase serum hypoxanthine level; this increment is not a marker of sever ischemia. In this study we could not give a precise conclusion about the significance of duration because this condition was not observed in our study. This might be due to several factors. For predicting DGF considering factors like reclampling of renal vessels during transplantation and urine flow after vascular anastomosis are better indicators.