To study the effect of PTHb on the outcome of KT in 149 renal transplant patients done in our hospital between December 1998 and November 2004 with a follow-up of 1 year. Patients were divided in 2 groups: Group A (80 patients) with a PTHb below 10 and Group B (69 patients) with a PTHb of 10 or above. The 2 groups were similar regarding donor age, recipient gender and blood group, HLA AB/DR and CMV status compatibility between donors and recipients. However, there were more living related and female donors in Group A and older recipients with longer pretransplant dialysis duration in Group B. Maintenance immunosuppression was comparable between the 2 groups but more patients in Group B received induction therapy due to more unrelated donors. Post-transplant transfusion needs, rate of acute rejection, rate and type of infections, creatinine blood levels at 1, 3 and 6 months, rate of slow and delayed graft function as well as the rate of post-transplant surgical complications and the 1-year graft and patient survival were comparable between the 2 groups. However, the length of hospital stay and the creatinine blood level at 1 year were higher in group B. The PTHb has no effect on the outcome of KT except for the creatinine blood level at 1 year. More follow-up is needed to evaluate its effect on long term.