Renal transplantation has become the treatment of choice for end stage renal disease as a result of marked improvement in the quality of life. Cyclosporine is a drug used to prevent rejection of the kidney graft. Among the cavity side effects associated to Cs A are gingival hyperplasia, opportunistic infections such as candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia, squamous carcinoma of lips, and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Many reports have been published of the prevalence of gingival hyperplasia in kidney transplant patients. Reports on the prevalence of other mucosa lesions in these patients are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of lesions in a group of kidney transplant patients from a transplant clinic in Ekbatan Hospital in Hamedan. In this cross sectional – descriptive study, kidney transplant patients from a nephrology outpatient service at a university hospital were examined during 2002-2003.The prevalence of several types of lesions was assessed. Results: 32 men (51.6%) and 30 women (48.4%) were studied.77.4% of the renal transplant recipients had at least one lesion. Gingival hyperplasia was found in 47.9% of the renal transplant recipients and was the most frequent lesion. Candidiasis was found in 22.9%, coated tongue in 22.9%, xerostomia in 16.7%, hairy tongue in 10.4%, herpes simplex in 2,08%, and geographic tongue in 2.08%. Age, sex and blood group had no effect on the prevalence of lesions. Lsions were frequent among renal transplant recipients and gingival hyperplasia was the most frequent lesion. Regular cavity examination should be a part of examination of renal transplant patients, so the early treatment of gingival hyperplasia and, infections would be possible.