It it noted in several studies that despite beneficial correction of the abnormalities of mineral metabolism after Successful renal transplantation (RT); the renal function recovery is incomplete. This along with persistence of hyperparathyroidism, persistent metabolic acidosis in patients with chronic impairment of graft function, the use of loop diuretics and adverse effects of immunosuppressive drugs may exert profound effect on minerals metabolism. We studied recipients after RT to determine the calcium and phosphorus levels. In a cross-sectional study we enrolled 398 RT recipients in two medical centers in Iran from 1988-2004 for evaluation of serum calcium and phosphorus levels changes from one month after RT and they relation with graft and patient survival. Cyclosporine was the constant part of immunosuppressive treatment in all study subjects. Median follow-up time was 8 months (1-180 months); one and ten-year survival of patients were 97.9 and 91.1 percent. Mean (SD) of serum calcium level before and after RT were 8.79 (1.26) and 8.50 (1.39) mg/dl respectively, (P=0.020) and mean (SD) level before and after RT were 6.43 (2.42) and 3.64 (1.71) mg/dl respectively, (P=0.000). There was no significant difference in survival time considering changes in serum calcium and phosphorus levels and there was no correlation between serum calcium and phosphorus level changes after RT among Study patients. Despite reported suggesting hypercalcemia as a post RT finding we don’t find such condition but going with other reports in this field we found a significant decrease in serum phosphorus levels after RT showing corerction of this menera level.