Ability to predict DFG with measurement of hypoxantine and xantine concentration in transplanted kidney blood vein. End stage renal failure has many causes. DGF is one of numerous complication of kidney transplantation. In this study we try to assess the ability to predict DFG with measurement of hypoxantine and xantine in the transplanted kidney blood veins. From March 2004 to September 2005 renal blood sampling during transplantation in 47 patients after measurement of purine metabolite with HPLC in blood sample, the metabolite rise or not with respect to baseline level were evaluated. All patients were followed for the next five days and assigned in one of the metabolite increase or not, then relationship between purine metabolite rise with DFG and the other related factors were assessed with Fisher’s test. 30 male and 17 female patients with mean age 34.8 year were studied. In 17 patients the purine metabolite raised and in 30 patients no changes were noticed. This change were significant only about hypoxantine (mean increase 1.28 mg/l +- 1.57 mg/l in the raised group comparison with -0.32 mg/l +- 4 in no change group, P<0.001). In the raise group 5 patients and in non-raised group 3 developed DFG but in analytical assessment no relationship was found between two variable (P=0.118). Among the factors in development of the DFG only anastomosis time had significant relationship with increase metabolite levels. (Mean time 40 min+-7.81 in raised group in comparison with 35 min+-7.37b in the other group). Although cold ischemia for short period during kidney transplantation can increased serum hypoxantine levels this increment is not a marker of sever ischemia. In this study we could not give a precise conclusion about the significant of change in serum xantine levels after reperfusion during ischemia of short duration.