To evaluate the effect of bilateral nephrectomies on post-transplantation urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In a retrospective case-control design, 62 ESRD patients with ADPKD were divided in two groups: A) cases that underwent bilateral nephrectomies B) patients in whom bilateral nephrectomies had not been done. Pre-transplant and post-transplant urine cultures were evaluated for UTI. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (SPSS, Chicago, IL) package 62 ESRD patients with ADPKD were enrolled in this study. Average age was 42 years (Rang: 6-60 years). Forty patients (64.5%) were male and twentytwo (35.5%) were female. The mean duration of hemodialysis was 24 months (2 to 120 months) which was the same for both groups. Bilateral nephrectomies were done for 24 participants (38.7%). There were thirty-eight patients (61.3%) in group B who did not have the operation. UTI occurred in twenty-three patients (37.1%): six patients (26%) in group A and seventeen patients (74%) in group B. The incidence of UTI was not statistically different between the two groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, no relationship was found between age, sex, blood group, and UTI in ADPKD patients (P>0.05). According to our study, the presence of large non-functional kidneys is not a risk factor for post-transplantation UTI in patients with ADPKD and ESRD.