Renal transplantation (Tx) is the best treatment modality for ESRD patients. In Iran, a controlled living unrelated donor (LURD) Tx program started in 1988, because of shortage of living related donor and cadaver Tx. We evaluated socioeconomic status of LURD in Iran kidney transplantation program. In this descriptive questionnairebased study, 478 LURDs were enrolled from 30 transplant centers between October 2005 and March 2006. The demographic data, education, employment, motivation and satisfaction status were asked. Economic status was assessed using criteria of governmental strategic research center. Ninety six percent were referred from Kidney Foundation of Iran. The mean age of donors was 27±4.8 years and 85% were male (n=408). Fifty one percent were smoker. Of them 82% were married and 79% were breadwinner while 29% were unemployed. 2.7%, 90.8% and 6.5% were illiterate, school graduate and university graduate, respectively. Coercion was documented in just one donor. Financial issues were the most frequent motive. In addition to a constant rewarding gift given to all LURDs by government, extra payment was transferred according to mutual agreement in 65% of cases. In 63%, all payment had a moderate positive effect on economic status of donors mostly through helping with their debts. Among them 91% were satisfied with donation. Finally, 53% suggest kidney donation to others. Almost 73% were below the poverty line. In Iran model, there is no middle man in introducing donors to recipients and transplantation team has nothing to do about money transduction between recipient and donor. Most of donors were satisfied with donation and coercion was not a major issue.