Fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Candida sp. and Aspergillus sp. account for most invasive fungal infections. The incidence of fungal infection varies with type of solid organ transplant. Liver transplant recipients have highest reported incidence of candida infections while lung transplant recipients have highest rate of Aspergillus infections. Recent epidemiological studies suggest the emergence of resistant strains of candida as well as mycelial fungi other than Aspergillus in these patients.
The armamentarium of antifungal drugs has increased with several new drugs eg voriconazole, posaconazole, micafungin and anidulafungin became available against Aspergillus species. Despite significant advancement in the diagnosis and antifungal therapy mortality due to mold infection remains high.