Osteoporosis is a frequent complication after renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine the possible risk factors for osteoporosis after renal transplantation in a selected patient population. Fifty-four male and 27 female renal transplant patients (mean age 35.5±11.7 years) who underwent cadaveric (31.3 %) and living related (68.8%) transplantation were included. Bone mineral densitometry (BMD) was performed to the study patients at the 1st year following renal transplantation. Our study complied with WHO recommendation, which define normal values as T-score of > -1,5 SD (group I, n=19), osteopenia as T-score between -1.5 and -2,5 SD (group II, n=24), osteoporosis as T-score of <-2,5 SD (group III, n=39). The pre and post-transplant annually recorded clinical, laboratory and demographic data were included. The difference between the data of group I and III were studied. Patients with osteoporosis are younger (age: 31.8±10.2 vs. 41.5±12.8 years, p<0.003), started dialysis and underwent transplantation at a younger age than those without osteoporosis (p<0.01 and p<0.003). Pre-transplant body weight (p<0.02) and post-transplant BMI (p<0.01) were lower in group III. The mean level of pre-transplant iPTH was significantly lower in group III (p<0.04) as well as post-transplant total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower in group III (p<0.004, p<0.003). When young adults are concerned, patients who started dialysis and underwent transplantation in a younger age are prone to osteoporosis. Additionally, high BMI and cholesterol levels have preventive role for bone loss after transplantation.