Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a serious diseasewhich increases morbidity and mortality among chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Either simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation (tx) or pancreas after kidney (PAK) tx can be performed for patients who have CRF secondary to type I DM. Aims of the pancreas tx in these patients are to improve patient's survival and quality of life, to protect the kidney from the effects of diabetes mellitus. In this study, we present the short-term results of Akdeniz University which is the first successful kidney-pancreas transplant programme in Turkey. In our unit, we performed 7 kidney- pancreas tx ( 4 SPK: 2 of them received cadaveric pancreas and living-related kidney in the same operation; 3 PAK) between February 2003 and May 2004. The age of the patients ranged between 28-43, the duration of the DM was 16-40 years. Proliferative retinopathy and neuropathy were present in all cases. Al of the patients received polyclonal antibodies, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and steroids. Pulse steroid therapy was applied for three pancreas transplantrejections in 2 patients and one kidney transplant rejection in 1 patient. The complications seen after tx were intraabdominal abcess (2), bleeding (1), orchitis (1), pneumonia (1), pyelonephritis (1) and cystitis (1). Re-laparatomy procedure was performed for the patients who had intraabdominal abcess and bleeding. Insulin treatment was applied for one patient after the 2nd rejection, due to pancreatic graft insufficiency. The kidney transplants in all patients are still functioning well. These short-term results indicate the necessity of kidney-pancreas tx for CRF patients with type I DM.