Postoperative complications of liver transplantation, such as biliary complications, can lead to graft failure if not treated appropriately. Biliary complications include leakage, stricture, obstruction, and stone formation. This study sought to assess whether several percutaneous interventional methods could improve allograft survival and function in patients with biliary complications after liver transplantation. Between December 1988 and June 2004, 106 orthotopic and heterotopic liver transplantations were performed at our institution. Fourteen of these patients (13%; mean age, 30 years; range, 2-55 years) had biliary complications after liver transplantation. Cholangiography demonstrated that 9 patients had biliary leakage, 3 patients had anastomotic strictures, and 2 patients had both biliary leakage and anastomotic strictures. In 11 patients with biliary leakage, the collections were drained with 10-14F drainage catheters. In 9 of 14 patients, we used 8F internal-external drainage catheters for biliary drainage. In 2 patients, the stenotic segments in the common bile ducts were dilated with a balloon. A plastic biliary stent was inserted in one patient who had stenosis in common bile duct. The technical success rate was 100%. Five patients died of unrelated causes. No grafts were lost secondary to biliary complications. All collections were treated with drainage catheters, and follow-up studies showed no bile leakage from the system. Biliary complications can pose significant problems following liver transplantation. Appropriate treatment of biliary complications decreases morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous interventions are effective in treating biliary complications in transplantation recipients.