Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children with end-stage renal failure. Chronic inflammation and malnutrition have been suggested to be risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, to date, biomarkers of inflammation have not been well studied in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors in children on hemodialysis therapy. Twenty-seven patients on hemodialysis (14F, 13M; mean age 15,3±2,4 years) and 20 healthy children (13F, 7M; mean age 15,3±2,4 years) were included the study. C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, ferritin, fibrinogen were measured as the markers of inflammation. The levels of CRP, ferritin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly higher than those of control subjects (p<0.001 for all). Albumin and transferrin levels were found to be lower than those of control group (p=0.02 and p<0.001 respectively). C-reactive protein levels were negatively correlated with albumin, prealbumin, Apoprotein A1, HDL, hemoglobin levels and positively correlated with erithropoietin/Htc ratios. In this study, it has been demonstrated that hemodialysed children are exposed to chronic inflammation. In addition, CRP as indicators of chronic inflammation is related to cardiovascular risk factors such as malnutrition, dyslipidemia and anemia. In conclusion, we suggest that the risk of cardiovascular disease could be reduced by defining markers of chronic inflammation and malnutrition in hemodialized children and by taking necessary measures at early stage.