During the past decade due to the gap between the supply and demand for cadaveric kidneys, the number of renal transplantations (Tx) from live kidney donors has increased worldwide. In Iran by adoption of a compensated living unrelated donor (LURD) renal Tx program in 1988, the number of renal Tx has rapidly increased and the renal Tx waiting list has been eliminated since 1999. By the end of 2003, a total of 15 948 renal Tx have been performed (3049 from LRD, 12504 LURD, 395 Cadaveric). As living kidney donation is not risk free this study was carried out to investigate the outcome of living kidney donation in Iran Model Renal Tx Program. All 17 articles published by Iranian Tx teams reporting the outcome of their living donors were used for this study. For perioperative donor mortality, all these papers were reviewed and all 22 renal Tx teams were contacted.3 donors died perioperatively.2 due to bleeding and one due to induction of anesthesia. So Iran’s perioperative mortality is 3 of 15000 or 0.02%. For perioperative donor morbidity the data of the 17 papers were reviewed and were also compared with data of larger series in the world literature (will be presented). As an example the results of study from Tx unit of Hashemi-Nejad Kidney Hospital is presented below: Between April 1986 and May 2003, 1625 donor nephrectomies were performed. There were 140 complications during hospital course .In 15 donors reoperation was required for bleeding, wound infection and retained drain in 8, 5 and 2 cases respectively. In remaining 125 donors, there were 7 cases of GI bleeding and 118 cases of minor complications that all were treated medically.22 donors had to be readmitted, 2 were reoperated, 1 for retained surgical forceps and other for hernia. The remaining 20 were also treated medically. Of 162 perioperative complications, 24 (1.5%) were major and 138 (8.5%) were minor complications. The laparoscopic donor nephrectomy has been pioneered in Iran by DR. Nasser Simforoosh.He has reported the results of a randomized clinical trial comparing 100 open with 100 laparoscopic donor nephrectomies. The rates of complications have been similar to other larger series. In summary: the preoperative mortality of live donor nephrectomy in Iran is 0.02%. The short and long-term morbidity and mortality do not seem higher than larger series. The ideal approach is to establish a national live kidney donor registry.