Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the principle causes of mortality and morbidity in renal transplant recipients (RTR). Atherosclerosis can be evaluated by structural or functional changes of the main arteries. The aim of the study is to investigate the probable associations of the both static and dynamic arterial changes with Lipoprotein a (Lpa) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels, as the two main risk factors for atherosclerosis. Intima-media thickening (IMT), as a structural marker for atherosclerosis, and vasodilatory response of common carotid artery (CCA) and renal transplant artery (RTA) to nitroglycerine (NG), as functional markers for atherosclerosis were studied by color doppler sonography in seventy five non diabetic-non hypertensive RTR, and also in thirty controls (C). Post NG data included Resistive index (RI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of CCA and RTA at the 3, 5 and 10 minutes after 0.4 mg NG sublingually. Their correlation with Lpa and Hcy concentration were analyzed by spss11. M/F ratio was 30/45with the mean of age30 + 7years. IMT in RTR and C groups was 0.7 and 0.69 (p=ns), respectively. Although IMT did not correlate with the duration of renal transplantation, it was significantly higher in older RTR. Although PSV of CCA decreased significantly after NG in the C group (81.8+16. 7m/s to73 .2+12. 8m/s, p=0.03), this decrement was more clear in RTR, especially at the 10 th minutes (69.6+18. 5m/s vs.59 .3+ 2 m/s, p=001). These reductions did not correlate with IMT. Although the mean of Hcy level was higher in the dysfunction RTR (Cr>1.8, in 8 patients), a linear correlation was not observed between them. Although both of the basal RI of CCA and RTA were higher in the dysfunction RTR as compared with well function RTR, (0. 7vs0 .59, p=0.003), they decreased more, at the3 rd,5 th and10 th minutes after NG, regardless the degree of Cr level. It was not also a relationship between serum Cr and Lpa concentration. Both of the Hcy and Lpa concentrations did not predict the static (IMT) and dynamic (post TNG) characteristics of RTA and CCA detected by Doppler.In conclusion, IMT as a static indicator and post sublingually TNG as a dynamic indicator of the main arteries anatomically and physiologically respectively, could not predict the degree of renal dysfunction, although RI and Hcy levels were higher in the renal allograft dysfunctions.