There are evidences that pre-transplant cytokine profiles in the blood of donor tissues as well as in the blood of recipients are associated with transplant outcome. A Th1 response is probably associated with transplant rejection and Th2 response with tolerance and stable graft survival. A total of 57(38 male and 19 female, age 36±5 years) patients candidate for unrelated living kidney transplantation were selected for this investigation. Serum samples were collected 24 hours pre transplantation, one week and two weeks post transplantation. Immunosuppression consisted of a triple drug immunosuppressive regimen containing cyclosporine, prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil. From the transplanted patients 19(33.3%) individuals showed an acute rejection episode based on increasing the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen during 14 days after transplantation. Serum concentration of IL2 and IFN; for Th1 and IL4 and IL10 for Th2 were determined by an ELISA method using Bindermed system kits (Germany). The mean concentration of IL4 pre-transplantation increased significantly in those of patients with an acute rejection episode (15 vs. 6.8 pg/ml , p=0.005) compare to those patients without any sign of rejection, while post transplant serum samples did not showed any differences due to decrease IL4 level in patients with rejection episode. The mean concentration of IL10 pre and post transplantation didn’t showed any significant differences in the two groups of recipients. Serum concentration of IL2 increased significantly in those of recipients with an acute rejection episode pre-transplantation (15 vs. 6.8 pg/ml P=0.005) and 1 week (19 vs. 4.85 pg/ml, P=0.001) and 2 weeks (21.1 vs. 4.65 pg/ml, P=0.0001) post transplantation. Serum concentration of IFN; pre-transplantation increased significantly in those patients with acute rejection episode (161.1 vs. 65.2 pg/ml P=0.001) and 1 week (175.6 vs. 66.5 pg/ml P=0.001) and 2 weeks (173.7 vs. 77.1 pg/ml P= 0.001). In conclusion these data so that cytokine analysis could be valuable factors in prognosis of kidney transplantation outcome.